Table 8: Total computing time of each metaheuristic in small, medium, and large instances (in seconds).

Metaheuristic

SET S

SET M

Set L

p-HA

86,476

1,662,819

64,237,940

m-VND

147,065

2,887,037

98,656,048

m-HA

209,155

3,856,332

126,537,481

p-NVD

80,165

1,544,327

61,366,479