Table 12: Average thrust for quad-wing ornithopter for each pitching and flapping kinematic articulation.

Thrust Flap (Hindwing)
Flap (Forewing) Cosine Negative Cosine Sine Negative Sine
Cosine 0.2248 0.3103 0.3307 0.1706
Negative cosine 0.3075 0.3924 0.4138 0.2526
Sine 0.3358 0.4238 0.4460 0.2785
Negative sine 0.1624 0.2457 0.2625 0.1097