Mean (Standard Error) of Range of motions measured in degrees. Beta coefficients and p values are obtained from the mixed effect regression models considering age, sex, dominant arm and within participant effects.

Table 2: Mean (Standard Error) of Range of motions measured in degrees. Beta coefficients and p values are obtained from the mixed effect regression models considering age, sex, dominant arm and within participant effects.

Range of motion	Healthy Shoulders	Shoulders with Tears	Beta Coefficient	P Value
Flexion	167.5 ± 16.4	156.7 ± 25.3	-7.8	0.02
Abduction	172.2 ± 15.3	158.4 ± 24.9	-10.1	0.001
External Rotation 0	71.15 ± 17	66.8 ± 15	-3.3	0.1
Internal Rotation 0¹	18.2 ± 6.4	23.2 ± 9	4.5	< 0.001
External Rotation 90	80.3 ± 13	73.2 ± 16.1	-3.9	0.08
Internal Rotation 90	76.5 ± 15.4	70.4 ± 18.1	-2.1	0.3

¹The distance between the thumb and C7 (cm)