Table 1: The physical properties of Ti Al alloy used in simulation.

Parameter/physical property Value
Liquidus temperature, TL/(K) 1830
Liquidus slope, ml(K/wt. %) -7.9
Equilibrium partition coefficient, k0 0.78
Gibbs-Tompson coefficient, Γ (K.m) 2.4 × 10-7
Solute diffusion coefficient in the liquid, Dl (m2/s) 3 × 10-9
Alloy initial composition, C0 (at.%) 45
Welding thermal efficiency, η 0.75
Welding voltage, U(V) 13.8
Welding current, I(A) 90
Energy concentration factor, K (1/m2) 5
Surrounding medium temperature, Tf (K) 297